Mu'alim al-Qur'an - Connecting People with The Qur'an

Learn Arabic Alphabets, the Correct Qur'an Recitation, Meanings of the Qur'an, Rules of Tajwid, Memorization, and Arabic language of the Qur'an

Alphabets, Letters and Words

Learn the Arabic letters and words step by step with audio pronunciation helper

Qur'an Recitation

Learn how to read the Qur'an verse by verse and word by word

Meaning of the Qur'an

Translation of the Qur'an

Tajweed

Learning the rules of reading the Qur'an (Tajweed) and color-coded Tajweed recitation with audio helper

Memorizing the Qur'an

Memorizing the Qur'an verse by verse

Qur'anic Language

Learning Arabic as the language of the Qur'an with examples from the Qur'an itself

Mu’alim Al-Qur’an is a self-teaching and self-learning aid of the Qur’an based on modern media platforms. It encompasses all essential aspects of Qur’anic knowledge which is obligated to every Muslim. Its usage also extends to the conventional Qur’an schools as an aid to more efficient and richer learning experience. reducing learning cycle, increasing teaching capacity, and enhancing pupils’ knowledge of the Qur’an from just being learning to recite and memorize the Qur’an to understanding the recitation (tajweed) rules, meanings of the Qur’an, and the language of the Qur’an.

Development plan

The website www.mualim-alquran.com is the first stage of the development of Mu’alim Al-Qur’an. This first stage is a web-based solution that is accessible online for free through any internet appliance like a PC/Laptop (Mac or Windows), tablets (Apple or Android) and mobile phones (iPhone or Android). In all the appliances, the screen of this web-based Mu’alim Al-Qur’an adjusts perfectly and automatically to suit the appliance’s resolution.

In the second stage Mu’alim Al-Qur’an will be developed to a downloadable mobile application on both iPhone and Android platforms. This mobile app will be accessible offline and will enable users to access all the functionalities and content of the Mu’alim Al-Qur’an without the need to be online through WiFi or mobile data connectivity.

In the third stage Mu’alim Al-Qur’an will be developed to a built-in app in a dedicated branded tablet with all its functionalities and content, thus enabling its accessibility without the need of internet connectivity. Furthermore, the tablet will be equipped with a solar charger which will allow users to access Mu’alim Al-Qur’an without the need of external electricity supply.

Target Audience

Mu’alim Al-Qur’an is primarily intended for non-Arabic speaking Muslims who speak any of the following languages. Swahili, English, French, German, Spanish and Italian. The application is equally useful in self-teaching and self-learning of the Qur’an for any speakers of these languages.

Scope

Mu’alim Al-Qur’an includes the following six learning modules: (1) Foundation of Arabic alphabets, letters, and words based on standard Qaida Al-Noorania. (2) Recitation of the Qur’an word-by-word and verse-by-verse. (3) Rules of Tajweed in recitation. (4) Memorization of the Qur’an based on the standard memorization methodology of repetition and tracking progress. (5) The meaning of the Qur’an through translations. and (6) Arabic as the language of the Qur’an.

User’s Engagement

Mu’alim Al-Qur’an allows users to access the application for free through the browsers or mobile application in phones or tablets. The users have a choice to use the application anonymously without tracking their progress or by logging in with an email address and a password to keep track of their progress within a particular stage or between stages. The interaction with Mu’alim Al-Qur’an is made with simple interfaces using touchscreen...

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Mu'alim al-Qur'an - Connecting People with The Qur'an

Somo Na. 11
Kull; ba’d; the accusative of time

Kullun is a masculine noun meaning 'each' or 'every'.
كُلُّ شَيْءٍ
 each, everything
كُلُّ نَفْسٍ
 each, every soul
كُلُّ أُنَاسٍ
each, every people
all uses definite genitive plural or singular noun's genitive collectively or divisible in parts.
كُلُ اَلثَّمَرَاتِ
all the fruits
كُلُ آلطَّعَامِ
all the food
Ba’d is a masculine noun meaning some.
بَعْضُ اَلْكِتَابِ
some of the book
بَعْضُ آلنَّبِيِّينَ
some of the prophets
بَعْضُ آلْأَقَاوِيْلِ
some of the stories
Qur'an contains bad followed by indefinite genitive in one phrase.
بَعْضُ يَوْمٍ
part of a day
Bad is rare without genitive, frequently used twice with genitive/pronominal suffix.
فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ اَلنَّبِيّينَ عَلَى بَعْضٍ
We have preferred some prophets over others
Often the construction is best translated as ‘one another’
بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ
they are friends of one another
Qur'an verbs and adjectives often agree with kull or ba’d.
كُلُّ نَفْسٍ رَهِينَةٌ
every soul is pledged

Arabic uses accusative for adverbial phrases.
يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ
for a day or part of a day
لَيْلاً وَنَهَارًا
by night and day
أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ
on / for the first time
This use of the accusative is common in the Qur'an.

Singular Plural Meaning
إِثْمٌ
sin
أَجَلٌ
term
ثَمَرَةٌ
ثَمَرَاتٌ
 fruit
حَفِيظٌ
حَفَظَةٌ
 guardian
رَهِينٌ
hostage, pledged
سَيَّارَةٌ
سَيَّارَاتٌ
 caravan
ظَنٌّ
ظُنُونٌ
 thought, supposition, suspicion, conjecture
مَغْفِرَةٌ
forgiveness
مَكَانٌ
أَمْكِنَةٌ
 place, side
لَيْلٌ
لَيَالٍ
 night, night time
مَرَّةٌ
مَرَّاتٌ/مِرَارٌ
 time, occasion
مَوْتٌ
death
نَهَارٌ
day, daytime
طَعَامٌ
food
نَبِيٌّ
أَنْبِيَاءُ
 prophet
بَابٌ
أَبْوَابٌ
 gate, door
رَجِيمٌ
accursed
مُسْتَطَرٌ
inscribed
صَغِيرٌ
small
قَدِيرٌ
having power over
فَوْقَ
above, over (sometimes used as a synonym for ala, 'on')
Perfect Imperfect Verbal Noun Meaning
حَفِظَ
يَحْفَظُ
حِفْظٌ
 to guard, preserve, keep
فَتَحَ
يَفْتَحُ
فَتْحٌ
 to open
نَظَرَ
يَنْظُرُ
نَظَرٌ
 to look at (إِلَى), into (فِي)

وَمَآ أَرْسَلْنَا قَبْلَكَ مِنَ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّآ إِنَّهُمْ لَيَأْكُلُونَ ٱلطَّعَامَ وَيَمْشُونَ فِى ٱلْأَسْوَاقِ ۗ وَجَعَلْنَا بَعْضَكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ فِتْنَةً أَتَصْبِرُونَ ۗ وَكَانَ رَبُّكَ بَصِيرًا
Na hatukuwatuma kabla yako Mitume wowote ila kwa hakika na yakini walikuwa wakila chakula, na wakenda masokoni. Na tumewajaalia baadhi yenu wawe ni majaribio kwa wengine; je! Mtasubiri? Na Mola wako Mlezi ni Mwenye kuona.
قَالَ ٱهْبِطَا مِنْهَا جَمِيعًۢا ۖ بَعْضُكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ ۖ فَإِمَّا يَأْتِيَنَّكُم مِّنِّى هُدًى فَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَ هُدَاىَ فَلَا يَضِلُّ وَلَا يَشْقَىٰ
Akasema: Ondokeni humu nyote, hali ya kuwa ni maadui nyinyi kwa nyinyi. Na ukikufikieni uwongofu kutoka kwangu basi atakaye ufuata uwongofu wangu, hatapotea wala hatataabika.
أَهُمْ يَقْسِمُونَ رَحْمَتَ رَبِّكَ ۚ نَحْنُ قَسَمْنَا بَيْنَهُم مَّعِيشَتَهُمْ فِى ٱلْحَيَوٰةِ ٱلدُّنْيَا ۚ وَرَفَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَـٰتٍ لِّيَتَّخِذَ بَعْضُهُم بَعْضًا سُخْرِيًّا ۗ وَرَحْمَتُ رَبِّكَ خَيْرٌ مِّمَّا يَجْمَعُونَ
Kwani wao ndio wanao gawa rehema za Mola wako Mlezi? Sisi tumewagawanyia baina yao maisha yao katika uhai wa duniani, na tukawanyanyua baadhi yao juu ya wengine kwa daraja nyingi; kwa hivyo baadhi yao wanawafanya wenginewe wawatumikie. Na rehema za Mwenyezi Mungu ni bora kuliko hayo wanayo yakusanya.
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱجْتَنِبُوا۟ كَثِيرًا مِّنَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِنَّ بَعْضَ ٱلظَّنِّ إِثْمٌ ۖ وَلَا تَجَسَّسُوا۟ وَلَا يَغْتَب بَّعْضُكُم بَعْضًا ۚ أَيُحِبُّ أَحَدُكُمْ أَن يَأْكُلَ لَحْمَ أَخِيهِ مَيْتًا فَكَرِهْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ تَوَّابٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Enyi mlio amini! Jiepusheni na dhana nyingi, kwani baadhi ya dhana ni dhambi. Wala msipelelezane, wala msisengenyane nyinyi kwa nyinyi. Je! Yupo katika nyinyi anaye penda kuila nyama ya nduguye aliye kufa? Mnalichukia hilo! Na mcheni Mwenyezi Mungu. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mwenye kupokea toba, Mwenye kurehemu.
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَهَاجَرُوا۟ وَجَـٰهَدُوا۟ بِأَمْوَٰلِهِمْ وَأَنفُسِهِمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَاوَوا۟ وَّنَصَرُوٓا۟ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَلَمْ يُهَاجِرُوا۟ مَا لَكُم مِّن وَلَـٰيَتِهِم مِّن شَىْءٍ حَتَّىٰ يُهَاجِرُوا۟ ۚ وَإِنِ ٱسْتَنصَرُوكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ فَعَلَيْكُمُ ٱلنَّصْرُ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ قَوْمٍۭ بَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَهُم مِّيثَـٰقٌ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌ
Hakika wale walio amini na wakahama na wakapigania Njia ya Mwenyezi Mungu kwa mali yao na nafsi zao, na wale walio toa mahala pa kukaa, na wakanusuru, hao ni marafiki na walinzi wao kwa wao. Na wale walio amini lakini hawakuhama, nyinyi hamna waajibu wa ulinzi kwao hata kidogo mpaka wahame. Lakini wakiomba msaada kwenu katika Dini, basi ni juu yenu kuwasaidia, isipo kuwa juu ya watu ambao yapo mapatano baina yenu na wao. Na Mwenyezi Mungu anayaona mnayo yatenda.
وَتَرَكْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَمُوجُ فِى بَعْضٍ ۖ وَنُفِخَ فِى ٱلصُّورِ فَجَمَعْنَـٰهُمْ جَمْعًا
Na siku hiyo tutawaacha wakisongana wao kwa wao. Na baragumu litapulizwa, na wote watakusanywa pamoja.
وَإِذَا مَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌ نَّظَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَىٰ بَعْضٍ هَلْ يَرَىٰكُم مِّنْ أَحَدٍ ثُمَّ ٱنصَرَفُوا۟ ۚ صَرَفَ ٱللَّهُ قُلُوبَهُم بِأَنَّهُمْ قَوْمٌ لَّا يَفْقَهُونَ
Na ikiteremka Sura hutazamana wao kwa wao, (kama kwamba wanasema:) Je! Yuko mtu anakuoneni? Kisha hugeukilia mbali. Mwenyezi amezigeuza nyoyo zao kwa kuwa hao ni watu wasio fahamu.
وَٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَٱلْمُؤْمِنَـٰتُ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَآءُ بَعْضٍ ۚ يَأْمُرُونَ بِٱلْمَعْرُوفِ وَيَنْهَوْنَ عَنِ ٱلْمُنكَرِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ ٱلزَّكَوٰةَ وَيُطِيعُونَ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥٓ ۚ أُو۟لَـٰٓئِكَ سَيَرْحَمُهُمُ ٱللَّهُ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ
Na Waumini wanaume na Waumini wanawake wao kwa wao ni marafiki walinzi. Huamrisha mema na hukataza maovu, na hushika Sala, na hutoa Zaka, na humt'ii Mwenyezi Mungu na Mtume wake. Hao Mwenyezi Mungu atawarehemu. Hakika Mwenyezi Mungu ni Mtukufu Mwenye nguvu, Mwenye hikima.
أَلَمْ تَعْلَمْ أَنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ يُعَذِّبُ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَغْفِرُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ قَدِيرٌ
Hujui ya kwamba Mwenyezi Mungu anao ufalme wa mbingu na ardhi? Humuadhibu amtakaye, na humsamehe amtakaye. Na Mwenyezi Mungu ni Muweza wa kila kitu.
مَا قُلْتُ لَهُمْ إِلَّا مَآ أَمَرْتَنِى بِهِۦٓ أَنِ ٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ رَبِّى وَرَبَّكُمْ ۚ وَكُنتُ عَلَيْهِمْ شَهِيدًا مَّا دُمْتُ فِيهِمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا تَوَفَّيْتَنِى كُنتَ أَنتَ ٱلرَّقِيبَ عَلَيْهِمْ ۚ وَأَنتَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدٌ
Sikuwaambia lolote ila uliyo niamrisha, nayo ni: Muabuduni Mwenyezi Mungu, Mola wangu Mlezi na Mola wenu Mlezi. Na mimi nilikuwa shahidi juu yao nilipo kuwa nao. Na ulipo nifisha ukawa Wewe ndiye Muangalizi juu yao. Na Wewe ni shahidi juu ya kila kitu.
فَلَمَّا نَسُوا۟ مَا ذُكِّرُوا۟ بِهِۦ فَتَحْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ أَبْوَٰبَ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَتَّىٰٓ إِذَا فَرِحُوا۟ بِمَآ أُوتُوٓا۟ أَخَذْنَـٰهُم بَغْتَةً فَإِذَا هُم مُّبْلِسُونَ
Basi walipo sahau walio kumbushwa tuliwafungulia milango ya kila kitu. Mpaka walipo furahia yale waliyo pewa tuliwashika kwa ghafla, na mara wakawa wenye kukata tamaa.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نَبِىٍّ عَدُوًّا مِّنَ ٱلْمُجْرِمِينَ ۗ وَكَفَىٰ بِرَبِّكَ هَادِيًا وَنَصِيرًا
Na vivi hivi tumemfanyia kila Nabii adui miongoni mwa wakosefu, na Mola wako Mlezi anatosha kuwa Mwenye kuongoa na Mwenye kunusuru.
وَلِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ أَجَلٌ ۖ فَإِذَا جَآءَ أَجَلُهُمْ لَا يَسْتَأْخِرُونَ سَاعَةً ۖ وَلَا يَسْتَقْدِمُونَ
Na kila umma una muda wake. Utakapo fika muda wao basi hawatakawia hata saa moja, wala hawatatangulia.
يَتَجَرَّعُهُۥ وَلَا يَكَادُ يُسِيغُهُۥ وَيَأْتِيهِ ٱلْمَوْتُ مِن كُلِّ مَكَانٍ وَمَا هُوَ بِمَيِّتٍ ۖ وَمِن وَرَآئِهِۦ عَذَابٌ غَلِيظٌ
Awe anayagugumia, wala hawezi kuyameza. Na mauti yawe yanamjia kutoka kila upande, naye wala hafi. Na zaidi ya hayo ipo adhabu nyengine kali vile vile.
مَا ٱتَّخَذَ ٱللَّهُ مِن وَلَدٍ وَمَا كَانَ مَعَهُۥ مِنْ إِلَـٰهٍ ۚ إِذًا لَّذَهَبَ كُلُّ إِلَـٰهٍۭ بِمَا خَلَقَ وَلَعَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ ۚ سُبْحَـٰنَ ٱللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ
Mwenyezi Mungu hana mwana yeyote, wala hanaye mungu mwengine. Inge kuwa hivyo basi kila mungu angeli chukua alivyo umba, na baadhi yao wangeli washinda wengine. Mwenyezi Mungu ameepukana na sifa wanazo msifu.
وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِى كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَّسُولًا أَنِ ٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱجْتَنِبُوا۟ ٱلطَّـٰغُوتَ ۖ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ هَدَى ٱللَّهُ وَمِنْهُم مَّنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ ٱلضَّلَـٰلَةُ ۚ فَسِيرُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَٱنظُرُوا۟ كَيْفَ كَانَ عَـٰقِبَةُ ٱلْمُكَذِّبِينَ
Na kwa hakika kwa kila umma tuliutumia Mtume kwamba: Muabuduni Mwenyezi Mungu, na muepukeni Shetani. Basi kati yao wapo alio waongoa Mwenyezi Mungu. Na kati yao wapo ambao ulio wathibitikia upotovu. Basi tembeeni katika ardhi, muangalie ulikuwaje mwisho wa wanao kanusha.
وَمَا كَانَ لَهُۥ عَلَيْهِم مِّن سُلْطَـٰنٍ إِلَّا لِنَعْلَمَ مَن يُؤْمِنُ بِٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ مِمَّنْ هُوَ مِنْهَا فِى شَكٍّ ۗ وَرَبُّكَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ حَفِيظٌ
Na yeye hakuwa na mamlaka yoyote juu yao, ila kwa sababu ya kuwajaribu tujue nani mwenye kuamini Akhera, na nani anaye tilia shaka. Na Mola wako Mlezi ni Mwenye kuhifadhi kila kitu.
كُلُّ نَفْسٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ رَهِينَةٌ
Kila nafsi imo rahanini kwa mabaya iliyo yachuma.
وَكُلُّ صَغِيرٍ وَكَبِيرٍ مُّسْتَطَرٌ
Na kila kidogo na kikubwa kimeandikwa.
مَّثَلُ ٱلْجَنَّةِ ٱلَّتِى وُعِدَ ٱلْمُتَّقُونَ ۖ فِيهَآ أَنْهَـٰرٌ مِّن مَّآءٍ غَيْرِ ءَاسِنٍ وَأَنْهَـٰرٌ مِّن لَّبَنٍ لَّمْ يَتَغَيَّرْ طَعْمُهُۥ وَأَنْهَـٰرٌ مِّنْ خَمْرٍ لَّذَّةٍ لِّلشَّـٰرِبِينَ وَأَنْهَـٰرٌ مِّنْ عَسَلٍ مُّصَفًّى ۖ وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مِن كُلِّ ٱلثَّمَرَٰتِ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ ۖ كَمَنْ هُوَ خَـٰلِدٌ فِى ٱلنَّارِ وَسُقُوا۟ مَآءً حَمِيمًا فَقَطَّعَ أَمْعَآءَهُمْ
Mfano wa Pepo walio ahidiwa wachamngu ina mito ya maji yasiyo vunda, na mito ya maziwa isiyo haribika ladha yake, na mito ya mvinyo yenye ladha kwa wanywao, na mito ya asali iliyo safishwa. Na wao humo watakuwa na kila namna ya matunda, na maghfira kutoka kwa Mola wao Mlezi. Basi hao ni kama watakao dumu Motoni na wakinyweshwa maji yanayo chemka ya kuwakata matumbo yao?
وَءَاتَىٰكُم مِّن كُلِّ مَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُ ۚ وَإِن تَعُدُّوا۟ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَآ ۗ إِنَّ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ لَظَلُومٌ كَفَّارٌ
Na akakupeni kila mlicho muomba. Na mkihisabu neema za Mwenyezi Mungu hamwezi kuzidhibiti. Hakika mwanaadamu ni dhaalimu mkubwa, mwenye kuzikufuru neema.
وَكَذَٰلِكَ بَعَثْنَـٰهُمْ لِيَتَسَآءَلُوا۟ بَيْنَهُمْ ۚ قَالَ قَآئِلٌ مِّنْهُمْ كَمْ لَبِثْتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا۟ لَبِثْنَا يَوْمًا أَوْ بَعْضَ يَوْمٍ ۚ قَالُوا۟ رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا لَبِثْتُمْ فَٱبْعَثُوٓا۟ أَحَدَكُم بِوَرِقِكُمْ هَـٰذِهِۦٓ إِلَى ٱلْمَدِينَةِ فَلْيَنظُرْ أَيُّهَآ أَزْكَىٰ طَعَامًا فَلْيَأْتِكُم بِرِزْقٍ مِّنْهُ وَلْيَتَلَطَّفْ وَلَا يُشْعِرَنَّ بِكُمْ أَحَدًا
Na kwa namna hii tuliwainua usingizini wapate kuulizana wao kwa wao. Alisema msemaji katika wao: Mmekaa muda gani? Wakasema: Tumekaa siku moja au sehemu ya siku. Wakasema: Mola wenu Mlezi anajua zaidi muda mlio kaa. Hebu mtumeni mmoja wenu na hizi fedha zenu ende mjini, akatazame chakula chake kipi kilicho bora kabisa akuleteeni cha kukila. Naye afanye mambo hayo kwa busara, wala asikutajeni kabisa kwa yeyote.
إِنْ أَحْسَنتُمْ أَحْسَنتُمْ لِأَنفُسِكُمْ ۖ وَإِنْ أَسَأْتُمْ فَلَهَا ۚ فَإِذَا جَآءَ وَعْدُ ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ لِيَسُـۥٓـُٔوا۟ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَلِيَدْخُلُوا۟ ٱلْمَسْجِدَ كَمَا دَخَلُوهُ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ وَلِيُتَبِّرُوا۟ مَا عَلَوْا۟ تَتْبِيرًا
Basi mkifanya wema, mnajifanyia wema nafsi zenu. Na mkifanya ubaya, mnajifanyia wenyewe. Na ikifika ahadi ya mwisho ili waziharibu nyuso zenu, na waingie Msikitini kama walivyo ingia mara ya kwanza, na waharibu kila walicho kiteka kwa uharibifu mkubwa.